Milk Thistle

If you’ve seen this plant in your backyard and wondered how to get rid of it faster, don’t rush. It may look like a weed, but you can make a powerful natural remedy from it.

About Milk Thistle

Milk Thistle (Silybum spp.) is a popular herb of the Asteraceae family. It is native to Southern Europe but is also cultivated worldwide for medicinal purposes. This extremely invasive plant is thorny with grooved stems and prickly rosette leaves. It has a unique disk-shaped and fuzzy-looking flower with colors ranging from blue to purple or pink to red. As an invasive plant, it is considered a weed in some gardens. However, milk thistle is highly valuable for its potency in treating various ailments and diseases. That is why it is also considered in both conventional and alternative medicine.

Milk thistles grow in many countries and have different blooming seasons. The flowering season of milk thistle in the northern hemisphere starts from June to August. In the southern hemisphere, the pink-purple buds start to show around December to February.

The invasive nature of the milk thistle makes it easy to flourish even in disturbed places and poor soil conditions. This plant is drought tolerant and can survive in normal rainfall. Cultivated mainly as medicine, milk thistle planting is considered illegal in some states. It is because of their toxicity in animals and their ability to spread that can destroy the balance of the ecosystem.

Aside from being a medicinal plant, the Saxons long ago used milk thistle in warding off snakes. It was also their antidote for bites of rabid animals and mushroom poisoning. Milk thistle was later cultivated as a vegetable in Europe and used as a substitute for spinach. Today, the plant is mostly cultivated as a medicinal herb.

Where This Plant Is Found

Milk thistles are tough plants that can survive even in anthropogenic or polluted environments. They are forgiving of climate and growing conditions and are hard to eradicate. However, milk thistle often thrives abundantly in places with temperate climates.

This plant is a native of Europe and early colonizers introduced it to North America. It is now cultivated in the regions of North Africa, the Middle East, eastern United States, Africa, Australia, Asia, and South America.

You may grow milk thistle in your garden and it will require almost no maintenance at all. However, you will need to consult with your local government regarding its legality. In some states like Washington, they are controlled and have very limited distribution.

Related: The Complete Map of Edible Plants: Find Out What You Have in Your Area! (Video)

How To Identify Milk Thistle

Milk thistles are biennial or annual plants with tall, branched stems. It has unique rosette leaves which are the plant’s primary identifying feature. These leaves are large with distinctive veining or marbling and spines along the edges. It also bears single, spiny disc-shaped flowers in pink-purple color at the end of its stem. A single flower can produce up to 200 seeds that can spread out into new plants and invade the garden.

• Leaf. Milk thistle leaves are wedge-shaped that tapers to the base. It is also clustered tightly in a rosette structure and its edges have teeth and lobes. Milk thistle leaves are bright green with a waxy appearance. It has white marbling that runs from the base to the tip.
• Flower. Light pink-purple flowers about 4 to 12 cm in diameter will show up during the blooming season of the milk thistle. The disc-shaped flower grows solitarily in a single plant stem with spine-tipped bracts surrounding it underneath.
• Roots. Deep taproots hold the plant in place, which is thick and grows deep into the soil. It is densely branched, which makes it easy to spread and difficult to control. It is dark brown to almost black with a white to yellowish root marrow.
• Stem. Milk thistles have an erect stem that is branched and furrowed. As the leaves and flower bracts, the stems are also spiny but hairless. The plant can reach up to 6 ft tall and they can form dense or sturdy stands.
• Seeds. The seeds of the milk thistle are gray or black that are attached to pappus tuft with very fine hairs. Each flower contains numerous seeds wherein a single plant can produce as much as 6,000 in its lifetime.

Related:  Plant Identification Guide – 400 Wild Plants That You Can Forage For (Video)

Varieties Of Milk Thistle

Milk thistle has two varieties: the silver milk thistle and blessed milk thistle. The latter is more common and popular among the two and used mainly for medicinal purposes.

• Silver Milk Thistle (Silybum eburneum): It is a pinnate plant with a faded and lighter purple flower. The flower is also solitary atop a stout stem with many spikes. This type of milk thistle grows in moderately moist soil. It is resistant to temperatures that it can even withstand up to -17°C of cold.
• Blessed Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum): Blessed milk thistle has a livelier appearance with its bright blooms and leaves. It may have bright purple, pale plum, or magenta flowers. It is also temperature-resistant and can stay in the garden for many years.

Related: Poisonous and Non-poisonous Plants: An Illustrated List (Video)

How To Grow Milk Thistle

A single milk thistle plant produces many seeds that remain viable for up to 9 years. You can propagate the plant through cuttings but the easiest way is through sowing seeds. The best month to plant milk thistle seeds is from March to April.

Since milk thistles reproduce aggressively, most gardeners who cultivate them prefer planting them indoors or in containers. This way, they cannot invade gardens. Removing them is quite painful due to their spikes. Hence, it is best to prevent unwarranted garden invasion while you can.

• Sow the seeds in seed trays with potting soil about ½ inch deep.
• Place the tray in a spot where it can receive full sun at 60°F.
• Water the tray regularly until the seeds germinate. It may take 18 to 21 days for the seedlings to appear.
• Replant the seedlings in a deep pot for container gardening. If in the field, plant the seedlings at least 40 cm away from each other.
• Milk thistle plants are tough and weather-resistant once established. If you want to increase plant yield, you may apply nitrogen and potassium fertilizer into it.

Related: 10 Plants That You Should Never Plant Together (Video)

Milk thistles will survive in all types of soil and can grow even in disturbed areas. It prefers dry conditions so watering it is not necessary unless in extreme drought. It can survive cold winter, but biennial milk thistles will survive better when covered with mulch.

How To Harvest Milk Thistle

The seeds are the most valuable part of the plant that are harvested for medicinal use. You can harvest the flower heads when white pappus tufts or circles of hair crowns begin to replace the flowers. When left alone, these tufts get carried by the wind and new plants will sprout in unwanted places. You will know that the seeds are mature when it is already brown instead of green.

The best time to harvest milk thistle seeds is in early summer. But before harvesting, make sure to wear durable work gloves and thick clothing. The prickly thorns on its stem and leaves are not very forgiving. Snip the flower head with about 1-inch of the stem with your hand or scissors. Place it on a bag, sack, or any container that can prevent the wind from carrying the pappus away.

Leave these flower heads inside the bag in an airy room to allow them to ripen fully. You can also use a dehydrator using the herb setting and allow it to dry for 5 hours. When it is completely dry, shake or press the flower head to separate them from the pappus. Put the seeds in an airtight container in a cool and dry place for future use.

Related: Roasted Milk Thistle Roots Recipe (Video)

What Milk Thistle Is Good For And Natural Remedies Made From It

For a long time, milk thistle has had a valuable contribution to the treatment of alcohol-related liver diseases. It is mainly because of the plant’s silymarin content. It helps in detoxifying and cleansing the blood. Cumulatively, a healthy liver may clear skin problems like acne and dermatitis. Milk thistle is also equally useful in the treatment of alcoholism.

The milk thistle extract, in combination with turmeric extract, has the capacity of reducing blood glucose. Thus, they are considered beneficial in the treatment of diabetes. The recommended dose is 210-600 mg of milk thistle extract a day in reducing blood sugar levels.

Aside from silymarin, milk thistle also contains the antioxidant silibinin. It is not only used in the treatment of cancer but also in Death Cap mushroom poisoning. Hence, they are traditionally known as an antidote for mushroom poisoning and animal bites.

Externally, milk thistle can also cure boils and skin irritations. Folk medicines use powdered seeds for sprinkling in leg ulcers.

Related: The Unnoticed Symptom That May Point to an Internal Inflammation (Video)

What Parts Of Plants Are Used For Remedies

Milk thistle is marketed as a food supplement in the form of capsule or liquid extracts. But this edible plant also makes a great addition to salads and can be eaten raw. Everything about the milk thistle from its young stalks, leaves, flower buds, and roots is edible.

The leaves of milk thistle make a good substitute for spinach, asparagus, or rhubarb. You simply need to remove the sharp edges and add them to salads. Milk thistle leaves can be eaten cooked or raw. Its stems and roots, however, are best cooked and soaked first to reduce its bitter tang.

The maximum concentration of medicinal properties is in the milk thistle seeds. It is processed into a tincture, powdered extract, or made into a decoction for oral administration. The milk thistle seeds can also be roasted and used as a coffee substitute.

Milk Thistle Tea

Ingredients:

• 1 tbsp. dried milk thistle seeds
• 1 tsp honey (optional)
• 1 tsp milk (optional)
• 1 cup water

Steps:

1. In a small pan, bring 1 cup of water to a boil. Once boiling, remove from heat.
2. Add milk thistle seeds and steep for 5 to 10 minutes.
3. Run the tea through a strainer to remove any solid particles.
4. Add honey and milk to taste and give a creamier texture, if desired.

How To Use The Remedy

Drink milk thistle tea moderately, and not more than 5 cups a day. Some side effects you may encounter after drinking the tea include nausea, headache, diarrhea, gas, and bloating. People who are allergic to milk thistle, ragweed, artichokes, and any other plants in the aster family should not drink milk thistle tea.

What Plants Resemble Milk Thistle

Feature	Milk Thistle (Silybum)	Artichoke Thistle (Cynara cardunculus)	Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe)
Size	Height: 2 to 6 ft. Width: about 3 ft.	Height: 3 to 6 ft. Width: 2 to 3 ft.	Height: 1 to 2 ft. Width: 1 to 2 ft.
Leaves	Oblong to lanceolate; lobate or pinnate with prickly edges; green leaves with white marbling	Jagged and deeply-lobed leaves; bright silver-gray	Deeply-lobed petiolate leaves with hairs; green/silver-gray
Flowers	Disc-shaped flower head with spiny bracts; purple; 7 cm wide	Large and spiky thistle-like purple flowers; 5 cm wide	Vibrant lavender flower head with prickly bract; 5 cm wide
Stem/Trunk	Herbaceous; branched; with spikes	Stout green stalks with sharp prickles	Erect hairy stems with branching
Scent	Unscented	Unscented	Floral scent

Warnings and Cautions

Milk thistle is a plant related to ragweed and may trigger allergic reactions. People with allergies to daisies, chrysanthemums, or marigolds should avoid using them.

There is no reliable information on its safety for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Thus, people in this age group should take precautions when using the product. Milk thistle may also decrease the effectiveness of estrogen or oral contraceptive pills.

Milk thistle is safe in limited doses, but it may cause side effects like diarrhea, bloating, and itching. People with hormone-sensitive conditions like cancer, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids should not consume milk thistle without a doctor’s supervision.

If you are taking medications, you should consult the doctor before using milk thistle products. It may interact with liver and cholesterol drugs and could either increase or decrease their effectiveness. When taking milk thistle extract, you should also avoid ingredients like ethanol and sugar substitutes.

Milk thistle is also toxic to animals and should not be planted near pastures and grazing fields.

You may also like:

7 Natural Remedies for Fibromyalgia Pain

15 Common Wild Plants You Never Thought Were Edible (Video)

Natural Remedies with Risky Drug Interaction

15 Common Wild Plants You Never Thought Were Edible

When Painkillers Won’t be Available, Try This